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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Vault Architecture Fundamentals: This section of the exam measures the skills of Site Reliability Engineers and provides an overview of Vault's core encryption and security mechanisms. It covers how Vault encrypts data, the sealing and unsealing process, and configuring environment variables for managing Vault deployments efficiently. Understanding these concepts is essential for maintaining a secure Vault environment.
Topic 2	Secrets Engines: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Engineers and covers different types of secret engines in Vault. Candidates will learn to choose an appropriate secrets engine based on the use case, differentiate between static and dynamic secrets, and explore the use of transit secrets for encryption. The section also introduces response wrapping and the importance of short-lived secrets for enhancing security. Hands-on tasks include enabling and accessing secrets engines using the CLI, API, and UI.
Topic 3	Vault Deployment Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Platform Engineers and focuses on deployment strategies for Vault. Candidates will learn about self-managed and HashiCorp-managed cluster strategies, the role of storage backends, and the application of Shamir secret sharing in the unsealing process. The section also covers disaster recovery and performance replication strategies to ensure high availability and resilience in Vault deployments.
Topic 4	Vault Leases: This section of the exam measures the skills of DevOps Engineers and covers the lease mechanism in Vault. Candidates will understand the purpose of lease IDs, renewal strategies, and how to revoke leases effectively. This section is crucial for managing dynamic secrets efficiently, ensuring that temporary credentials are appropriately handled within secure environments.
Topic 5	Access Management Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Enterprise Security Engineers and introduces key access management components in Vault. Candidates will explore the Vault Agent and its role in automating authentication, secret retrieval, and proxying access. The section also covers the Vault Secrets Operator, which helps manage secrets efficiently in cloud-native environments, ensuring streamlined access management.
Topic 6	Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
Topic 7	Authentication Methods: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Engineers and covers authentication mechanisms in Vault. It focuses on defining authentication methods, distinguishing between human and machine authentication, and selecting the appropriate method based on use cases. Candidates will learn about identities and groups, along with hands-on experience using Vault's API, CLI, and UI for authentication. The section also includes configuring authentication methods through different interfaces to ensure secure access.

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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q80-Q85):

NEW QUESTION # 80
Mike's Cereal Shack uses Vault to encrypt customer data to ensure it is always stored securely. They are developing a new application integration to send new customer data to be encrypted using the following API request:
text
CollapseWrapCopy
$ curl
--header "X-Vault-Token: hvs.sf4vj1rFV5PvQSV3M9dcv832brxQFsfbXA"
--request POST
--data @data.json
https://vault.mcshack.com:8200/v1/transit/encrypt/customer-data
What would be contained within the data.json file?

A. Ciphertext to be decrypted
B. The encryption key to be used for encrypting the data
C. Cleartext customer data to be encrypted
D. Transit secrets engine configuration file

Answer: C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The data.json file in this API request contains the data to be encrypted by the Transit secrets engine. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "When executing any call to the Vault API, data can be sent using an external file as shown above. In this case, the contents of the file would be cleartext customer data that needs to be encrypted by the transit secrets engine." Specifically, for the /transit/encrypt/ endpoint, it explains: "The API expects a JSON payload with a plaintext field containing the base64-encoded data to encrypt." The documentation elaborates under "Encrypt Data": "The request body must include the plaintext parameter, which is the base64-encoded version of the data you want to encrypt. For example: {"plaintext": "base64- encoded-data"}." Here,D (Cleartext customer data to be encrypted)fits this requirement-customer data in cleartext, base64-encoded, sent for encryption.A (Transit config)is managed in Vault, not sent.B (Ciphertext) is the output, not input.C (Encryption key)is stored in Vault, not provided by the client. Thus, D is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit API: Encrypt Data

NEW QUESTION # 81
Assuming default configurations, which of the following operations require a threshold of key shares to perform? (Select three)

A. Unsealing Vault after a scheduled maintenance to install patches
B. Creating a new set of recovery keys due to an employee leaving the organization
C. Rotating the Vault encryption key to adhere to internal security policies
D. Generating a new root token as a break-glass procedure

Answer: A,B,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Certain operations require unseal keys:
* B. Unsealing: "Unsealing the Vault requires a threshold of unseal keys."
* C. Root Token: "Generating a new root token requires a threshold of unseal keys."
* D. Recovery Keys: "Changing the unseal/recovery keys requires the current threshold."
* Incorrect Option:
* A. Key Rotation: "An online operation and does not cause downtime," no shares needed.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/operator/rekey

NEW QUESTION # 82
A user is assigned the following policy, and they can successfully retrieve secrets using the CLI. However, the user reports receiving an error message in the UI. Why can't the user access the secret in the Vault UI?
path "kv/apps/app01" { capabilities = ["read"] }
Successful retrieval using the CLI

(Error: Permission denied in UI)

A. The user doesn't know what they're doing
B. The user's token is invalid
C. The user doesn't have permissions to retrieve the data from the UI, only the CLI
D. The user needs list permissions to browse the UI

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Irrelevant to permissions. Incorrect.
* B:UI and CLI use the same permissions. Incorrect.
* C:UI browsing requires list on parent paths; read alone isn't enough. Correct.
* D:Token works via CLI, so it's valid. Incorrect.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"To browse the UI, users need list permissions on paths leading to the secret..." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#list

NEW QUESTION # 83
What is the default TTL for tokens in Vault if one is not specified?

A. 768 hours (32 days)
B. 15 minutes
C. 60 minutes (1 hour)
D. 24 hours (1 day)

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
In HashiCorp Vault, thedefault TTL (Time To Live)for tokens, when not explicitly specified, is768 hours, equivalent to32 days. This applies to both the initial TTL and the maximum TTL unless overridden.
* Default Configuration: The documentation states: "When no specific TTL is provided, a generated token will inherit the default TTL which is 768 hours (32 days)." This long default ensures usability in many scenarios while allowing customization.
* Customization Option: Operators can adjust this using commands like vault write sys/mounts/auth
/token/tune default_lease_ttl=1h max_lease_ttl=24h, but without such tuning, 768 hours applies.
* Incorrect Options:
* A. 24 hours: Too short for Vault's default; it's a common custom setting instead.
* B. 15 minutes: Far too brief and not aligned with Vault's defaults.
* D. 60 minutes: Another common custom value, not the default.
This default balances usability with security, encouraging explicit configuration for shorter-lived tokens when needed.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens

NEW QUESTION # 84
What command would you use to enable the Kubernetes secrets engine at the path of /k8s-cluster?

A. vault secrets enable -path=k8s-cluster kubernetes
B. vault secrets enable kubernetes -path=k8s-cluster
C. vault kv put k8s-cluster type=kubernetes
D. vault write sys/mounts/k8s-cluster

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Correct syntax is:
* A. vault secrets enable -path=k8s-cluster kubernetes: "The secrets enable command enables a secrets engine at a given path." The -path flag precedes the engine type.
* Incorrect Options:
* B: kv put is for key-value data, not enabling engines.
* C: Incorrect CLI syntax; API-focused.
* D: Reversed order; path must come first.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/v1.16.x/commands/secrets/enable

NEW QUESTION # 85
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